"i>>?In the 1800s, solar energy was first used. Although it is common for calcators and wristwatches to operate with solar energy, its proliferation as a source of power for the home is not as common. Solar power got off to a rough start in the previous century.S. underwent periods of oil shortages and embargos. But its proliferation has not yet been accomplished, mainly due to its cost.
Here in the 21st century, renewable energy has once again become a hot topic. Not only is it important for our nation to become less dependent on fossil fuels, we also need to take steps to help save our environment. We need only to harness a portion of its solar power to meet our present energy demands.
solar panels in just 4 percent of the world^a?s desert area is sufficient to provide electricity for the whole universe. By utilizing solar panels, it is possible to tap into the sun's energy source. To fully comprehend how solar panels work requires a background in chemistry. In layman's terms, however, each panel is a collection of photovoltaic (PV) cells. The inner content of each PV cell is highly-purified silicon. Silicon has properties that act as both a metal and an insulator.
The PV cells create solar power by converting sunlight to electricity. Electrons come away from the panel when sunlight makes contact with it. This creates an electrical current that can be used or stored. Storing excess power is a problem with solar energy because the sun does not shine all the time and PV cells do not store power. The solution is deep cycle rechargable batteries, which can store power harnessed from the sun.
PV cells perform the electric conversion silently and without pollution, and the solar panels do not emit any radiation. Since the parts don't move while generating residential solar power the panels rarely brake down. Presently there are 14 types of PV cells, each made of varying kinds of silicon. use solar panels as a supplemental energy source for utility customers, rather than as their sole energy source.
Solar panels can be built right into your building's roof or its windows. You may think of facades and canopies also.
At the present time, research is being conducted to develop newer types of solar panels. The goals are increased effectiveness in harnessing solar power, as well as reducing its cost. When that time comes, we can take advantage of all the power the sun has to offer.
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"Originally published in the UT San Diego, February 8, 2013."
In early February, we watched the implosion of the South Bay Power Plant- just one day after the California Public Utilities Commission heard public comments on two new SDG&E-proposed fossil fuel power plants in San Diego.
We're playing a game of Whack-a-Mole with our regional energy policy at ratepayers' expense. Though the demolition of the South Bay Power Plant is striking, we can't let SDG&E continue to turn a blind eye to the reasons why we don't need that plant anymore.
Reliance on fossil fuels has led to an Orwellian-esque era where each year is becoming the hottest on record and we are suffering through a series of costly and deadly weather events. In San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography warns us to expect hotter and more humid mid-summer heat waves that are worse than many inland areas while freshwater in the Southwest is becoming scarcer and our oceans are rising faster than expected.
So why is SDG&E proposing to build unneeded fossil-fuel power plants using the expensive, dirty and outdated centralized power plant model when we're barely scratching the surface of our clean energy and smart grid potential?
San Diego deserves better than this.
On top of the harmful impacts to public health and our climate from the greenhouse gases, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide that would be emitted by these two power plants, the nearly 1.6 billion dollar price tag of the power plants would be passed on to ratepayers over the next 20 years, according to the California Energy Commission.
Perhaps what's most perplexing about SDG&E's proposal, though, is that the energy from these plants is not even needed, according to both the Administrative Law Judge and the lead California Public Utilities Commissioner for the proceeding. Both have issued proposed decisions denying the plants due to a lack of need.
Even without San Onofre coming back online, SDG&E has ample power reserves to "keep the lights on." On the hottest day of the year last September, SDG&E had approximately 24 percent more energy than was needed. Further, the state agency that manages our energy grid, the California Independent Systems Operator, said the way to address the San Onofre shut down was through fixes to our transmission lines, not construction of new power plants.
Our regional leadership must embrace a strategy that prioritizes building a better future for our children by integrating demand management strategies, conservation, local clean energy generation, and energy storage into a smart modern grid that benefits all communities in San Diego.
In fact, San Diego is on the cutting-edge in this arena already. SDG&E proudly announced smart grid breakthroughs just last week that will allow them to prevent blackouts and integrate renewable resources seamlessly. UCSD has its own nationally recognized microgrid -- an on-site energy generation, distribution, and management network that balances renewable energy, electric vehicles, storage, and demand management. The microgrid is connected to SDG&E's grid but can disconnect and operate independently in "islanded mode" as needed, such as during the SDG&E blackout of September 2011, giving UCSD energy independence and security. Our local military bases are also investing in this new smart grid/microgrid approach to maximize the security and reliability of their energy needs. Naval Base Coronado and the Marine Corps Air Station Miramar are both pursuing these new solutions/grid-independence.
Environmental Health Coalition knows from our recent educational efforts within the local communities that small changes to our daily habits can result in drastic reduction in energy use.
With a newly elected Mayor Bob Filner in the City of San Diego and other progressive elected officials who have pledged to pave a new pathway for our energy future, we are excited to build a new energy paradigm as part of San Diego's innovation economy. We look forward to working with our partners in local government, labor, the business community, the military and our educational institutions to create local, family-wage, career-track jobs while reducing our carbon footprint and protecting the health of every San Diego family.
It's time we put a stop to the Whack-A-Mole approach to energy. We must demand more from our energy utility so that it produces big new solutions to the big challenges we face.
Nicole Capretz
Green Energy / Green Jobs Campaign Director for Environmental Health Coalition
City Heights Resident
Company Highlights
At Exelon, we've got a place for you!
Join the nation's leading competitive energy provider, with one of the largest electricity generation portfolios and retail customer bases in the country. You will be part of a family of companies that strives for the highest standards of power generation, competitive energy sales, and energy delivery. Our team of outstanding professionals is focused on performance, thought leadership, innovation, and the power of ideas that come from a diverse and inclusive workforce.
Exelon will provide you the tools and resources you need to design, build and enhance a successful career. We are also dedicated to motivating the success of our employees through competitive base salary, incentives, and health and retirement benefits.
Join Exelon and share your passion at a forward-thinking Fortune 150 company. Establish yourself in a place where you can truly shine and create a brighter, more sustainable tomorrow. Energize your career at Exelon!
Business Unit Overview
Join Exelon Power, and you will be a part of the team responsible for managing, operating, and maintaining the company’s fossil (natural gas, oil and coal), renewable (wind and solar), and hydroelectric fleet of power generating assets. With locations in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Texas, California, Iowa, and Massachusetts, our diverse generating portfolio enables the company to be competitive in the deregulated power market.
Job Description
Responsible for management and oversight of safety program within operations and maintenance of wind and solar power regional fleet. This includes adherence, development, and compliance within industry and company safety standards. Provides problem identification and resolution, corrective action and tracking of reliability issues. Responsible for management and oversight of onsite contractors. Accountable for assigned sites to assure services are executed to Exelon Wind Operations and Maintenance requirements.PRIMARY DUTIES AND ACCOUNTABILITIES Analyze & report on production and safety performance data, graphs, statistics for Operations and Maintenance personnel. Implement work order management systems for trending and monitoring safety program adherence. Can interface in statistical process control applications.Monitor wind turbine towers & Solar Sites for maintenance, quality & safety audits, troubleshooting, assisting wind turbine technicians, assisting regional management, and implementing fleet wide improvement changes.Available to respond to nontraditional operating hours for maintenance and emergent issues for the following: Land owner issues, utility interactions, wind turbine supplier maintenance support, and substation maintenance/troubleshooting activities.Participate in morning executive calls, reporting significant safety events in the Wind & Solar Fleet.Work order documentation, and maintenance procedural writing. Safety design, test, implement, and revise procedures for Exelon Wind operations.Develop operating procedures changes to optimize turbines continuous improvement projects. Complete procedure and process documentation for various aspects of Wind Turbine/ Solar O&M requirements.Utilize technology tools for implementation and tracking of safety system metrics, tools for reporting, and methods of compliance.Monitor Industry and Company safety compliance & regulation and make program improvements to reflect respective changes.Perform root cause investigations. Investigate and report on all serious/critical personal injury accidents occurring to employees, contractors and visitors to the appropriate management, and to assist in the investigation of all accidents/incidents.POSITION SPECIFICATIONS MS in safety, industrial hygiene/health, or related field with minimum 5+ years of operational/safety experience OR BS in safety, industrial hygiene/health, or related field with minimum 5+ years of operational/safety experience OR A minimum of 10+ years experience in managing safety programs Knowledge of applicable electrical power generation, transmission, motors/generators, or process controls discipline codes and standardsSafety Work Package evaluation, test and/or analysis experience.Excellent interpersonal and communication skills, including written and verbalStrong computer skills, including knowledge and proficiency in Microsoft Office Suite Products Valid driver's license and access to an insured vehicleAbility to work in a steel tower turbine power environment that includes climbing, walking long distances, confined spaces and tall heights Ability to lift a minimum of 50 pounds Increase health and safety awareness at all levels within the organization.Strong leadership skills, strong influential/negotiation skills, problem solving skills transformation & change management skills, presentation skills (preferred).Advisor role responsible for Safety Program requirements of the entire Wind and Solar fleet. Installed Capacity(1300MW)Approximately 50% travelPreferred:Experience in wind/ solar plant operations and or wind turbine/ utility scale solar experienceExperience in high voltage maintenance and switchingExperience in Confined SpaceExperience in Crane- Rigging/LiftingTower rescue training qualifiedRoot cause investigation tools
EEO and VEVRAA Statement
Exelon is proud to be an equal opportunity employer and employees or applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard toage, color, disability, gender, national origin, race, religion, sexual orientation, protected veteran status, or any other classification protected by federal, state, or local law.VEVRAA Federal Contractor REQNUMBER: 3013150-1A
Luxury usually comes at a high price, not only financially but environmentally too. But plans for a new building in the heart of Cairo hope to change this high cost to the environment, combining luxury living with eco-friendly technology.
Real estate company, Abraj Misr, has just announced plans to invest 4.5 billion Egyptian pounds (US589.7 million) in the multi-purpose development known as The Gate. It will consist of residential, commercial and retail spaces, a shopping mall and even a 5 star hotel.
The design by renowned architecture company Vincent Callebaut Architectures (VCA) incorporates green features with high-end services such as luxurious limousines, gymnasiums, a pet care facility and a beauty center to attract potential residents.
The architecture firm's idea was to metamorphose the city into a vertical, green, dense and hyper-connected ecosystem and "to raise awareness of green sustainable architecture to fight against global warming in order to maintain an eco-friendly earth for our next generation."
Solar energy, living walls, wind turbines and even roof food gardens will give this luxury development an eco-friendly helping hand to do this.
The Gate is designed around a central boulevard, which is the heart of the complex. The apartments are housed in rectangular buildings attached to this central street. At both ends, there are facades inspired by fish gills that will act as sunshades.
The project is intended to balance the efficient distribution of 1000 apartments and a contemporary and sustainable identity. The smart building will ensure a 50 percent energy saving and a significant reduction in carbon footprint.
It is eco-designed according to bioclimatic rules (solar cycle, prevailing wind directions, endemic plant species etc), and by incorporating renewable energies (wind turbines, thermal solar energy, photovoltaic solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass etc).
Green architectural features punctuate the large building to combine an eco-friendly vision with community-based needs, without sacrificing aestheticism.
MEGATREES AS WINDCATCHERS
Nine 'megatrees' will act as windcatchers. Windcatchers have a long history in the country, used in architecture in Ancient Egypt. They are known in Arabic as "Malqaf" and work by redirecting airflow to provide a natural cooling system. They will naturally ventilate the basement spaces and refresh the patios and boulevard.
A GARDEN IN THE SKY
The development hopes to not only be beneficial for the environment, but for residents too. A community garden will provide a social and sustainable space for the building's occupants. The project proposes to use the roof space as a 'garden in the sky' with playgrounds, sports area, food gardens, infinity swimming pools and orchards. The green roof is also a measure to compensate for the high density of the construction and will be an insulation coat above the residences to reduce the urban warming.
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
The building will use state-of-the-art solar cell technology to generate power. Instead of using conventional solar cells that use visible and infrared light, these innovative new solar cells also use ultraviolet radiation. The solar roof will be covered by walkable solar panels that will shadows above the patios and the boulevard to generate a big part of the electricity necessary for the building.
GREEN LIVING WALLS
Living walls have become popular recently, allowing for greenery even when space is lacking. They will allow for the overall reduction in building temperature of The Gate. Heat build-up in cities is largely due to solar radiation being absorbed by roads and buildings that is then stored in the building material. The designers hope that the walls may also be used as a method for water reuse by purifying polluted water and absorbing the dissolved nutrients.
The building will also contain 'smart homes' with multi-sensors able to control the different zones, rooms, temperature and ventilation. Solar water heating systems will deliver hot water to all of the bathrooms and kitchens for most of the year. Water is collected in glass-metal tubes on the roof that are exposed to the sunlight and help to warm the water.
Construction of The Gate is due to start in April and be completed in 2018.
"Images courtesy of Vincent Callebaut Archictectures."
Reference: amosrenewableenergy.blogspot.com
I have long been associated with wind energy, for in the middle 1970's I chaired the Wind Power Division of the American Solar Energy Society, then went on to assist Congress pass the first bill on this subject when I worked for the U.S. Senate from 1979-82. To my surprise and pleasure, wind energy subsequently became the only solar option to be competitive with coal and nuclear for the production of electricity. Depending on which statistics you use, either the USA or China is #1 in wind energy ("combined, both countries generate almost half the world total"). But Europe is coming on.
This general euphoria, however, has more recently been tempered by a range of issues and setbacks:
- As windfarms are located away from population centers, the matter of who pays for line connectivity has come into play. Wheeling responsibility can double the cost of wind energy.
- The not in my backyard (NIMBY) attitude has served to delay and terminate ambitious wind projects. This resistance comes from bird lovers, those concerned about aesthetics and noise, certain elements of the local population desiring maintenance of current lifestyles, etc.
- Growth has leveled off, and last year actually declined to 2007 installation numbers, but, as the above bar graph shows, there was an exponential rise in total capacity, while the following projection to 2020 has also been published:
Frankly, I think the above increase represents either wishful thinking or oil at 200/barrel.
- Continuation of the production tax credit is stumbling around in Congress, and the combination of termination of the ethanol incentives and general budgetary headaches has made renewal questionable, if not doubtful. Elimination of this measure would severely curtail development in the U.S.
- Windpower is not baseload, for the winds come and go. Utilities have thus, for good reason, limited penetration to between 15% and 30% so that power quality can be maintained. Storage options are available, with pumped storage the most economical if natural conditions exist, and air compression appearing to have some promise, but this added cost is a seriously dissuading factor in any analysis.
However, all things considered, wind energy is "twice" as cheap as other solar options, and will continue to grow for the next century.
Wind machines are also getting bigger, with the larger systems being designed for offshore ("in the ocean") applications. A good rule of thumb is that 1000 MWs ("as in Honolulu") can supply electricity to a million people.
Enercon of Germany has been selling 6 MW ("but several were designed for up to 7.7 MW") machines ("above") for four years now, and 19 are installed or soon to be be commissioned. The current largest marketed turbine is a Vestas 7 MW device ("but this has not yet been built"), where one propeller blade ("below", r"emember, there are three") will be as long as nine London double-decked buses.
A British company has announced the 10 MW Aerogenerator to supply electricity for up to 10,000 homes. From tip to tip, the distance is close to three American football fields.
Danish researchers have indicated that a 20 MW wind energy conversion system (WECS) to provide power to up to 20,000 homes is feasible. The operational year is planned to be 2020.
Then, of course, there are ideas about using the Antarctic ("where average wind speeds can be very high") and tapping the jet stream with a ladder mill or rotor kite or turntable ("above"). Generating and controlling the force of a tornado? Why not, although this one might get closely scrutinized.
I've long felt that a design utilizing floating platforms placed between the major islands of Hawaii to support a group of WECS was the optimal future, for wind velocities are maximized in these regions and the flow is laminar. Mountains induce turbulence, thus causing problems for the gears, bearings and materials. These grazing plantships cannot be moored, so they would be tacked in a gyre pattern to return to the same spot every few days. Electricity cannot be wheeled, so hydrogen might well be generated for next generation airships.
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Finding and using alternative energy sources is quickly becoming a must and one obstacle to overcome is how to make solar panels easier to incorporate into building projects. This, of course, involves making them look pretty. VTT Technical Centre of Finland has gone a step further in this. They have come up with a method that allows for the printing of decorative graphics and functional components onto flexible organic solar panels.
But that's not all. These panels can be used to harvest energy from interior lighting as well as sunlight, which yields enough energy to power small devices and sensors.
The process they developed involves production of organic solar panels using a roll-to-roll method, which can produce up to 100 meters of layered film per minute. According to the researchers, one rotary screen printing layer and two gravure printing layers on plastic substrate are used in the process. The process first involves functional layers being printed between plastic foils, while the final step is using barrier films to encapsulate them.
The organic solar panels produced in this way are only 0.2 mm thick and already include the electrodes and polymer layers used for light collection. The panels produced in this way can be placed on either interior surfaces or exterior ones, and they can also be attached to machines, gadgets and other devices. Due to the decorative prints that adorn them, these panels could easily become a tool used by interior designers.
To test their product, the researchers printed photovoltaic cells that are shaped like leaves. It takes two hundred of these decorative panels to make a square meter of an active solar panel surface. Such a panel was tested and found to be able to generate 3.2 amps of electricity with 10.4 watts of power.
Compare to traditional solar panels, organic ones are cheaper to produce, recyclable, require less material to make, and light enough so that they can be attached to a variety of surfaces. However, organic panels have a much lower efficiency than silicone-based panels. To try and raise the efficiency, the scientists are testing and researching roll-to-roll methods for making perovskite solar panels. They've made good progress, and the organic PV cells they produced are 5 times more efficient than organic photovoltaic cells produced by different means.
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